Not an emperor anyone knows anything about any more. I was a huge fan of Alfred Duggan’s novel Family Favourites as a teenager, but I suspect that no one reads it these days. Reviewing Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado's The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction? Mary Beard gives us a splendid romp through the life and times of the emperor in the Times:
Elagabalus is not now such a household name, even among professional classicists. This is partly because of the era in which he lived. The third century AD, with its baffling succession of short-lived emperors, repeated coups and mutinies, gets relatively little attention in either popular or scholarly literature. And it is partly because – unlike the villainies of the first-century emperors, Caligula, Nero or Domitian, which were memorably charted by such “classic” Roman authors as Tacitus and Suetonius – the misdeeds of Elagabalus have been transmitted by ancient writers who are now little known outside the university lecture room (and, honestly, not even particularly well known there).
Many of the most intriguing anecdotes of his crimes... come from a strange semi-fictional “biography” of Elagabalus in the series of emperors’ lives, from Hadrian to the joint rulers Carinus and Numerian at the end of the third century, known as the Augustan History. These lives purport to be the work of a group of six different writers at the beginning of the fourth century AD, but they are now thought to be an extravagant historical confection written by a single author a hundred or so years later, some time in the fifth century. Other stories, including the Emperor’s plans for a sex-change operation (which would have been the first in recorded human history), are drawn from Byzantine excerpts from Cassius Dio’s History of Rome. Dio was a Roman senator, who lived through the reign of Elagabalus, though he was not at that period in Rome itself and so cannot – as Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado insists in his new study, The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or fiction? – count as an eyewitness of whatever was going on in the capital. The surviving portions of Dio’s vast History, which originally covered the story of Rome from its foundation to his own day, are not particularly admired or much read; the parts that are known only through medieval quotation (and that includes his account of the early third century) are even less so.
Full story here.